Case studies

Real e-invoicing problems, and how we solved them.

16 use cases across ZATCA and UAE FTA e-invoicing — the problem, the approach we took, and the outcome.

KSA — ZATCA Phase 2 7

KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

Rounding & Decimal Precision Mismatches

ERP systems typically store unit prices, quantities and taxable amounts at a different decimal precision than ZATCA’s Phase 2 schema expects at the line, tax-subtotal and…

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KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

Missing or Broken Invoice Referencing

Credit and debit notes must carry a clean, resolvable reference back to the original invoice (its UUID, ICV and hash). In high-volume retail and distribution…

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KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

Credit Note Complications

Crediting against an invoice that itself carries a ZATCA warning, or was submitted out of sequence, creates a cascading failure - the credit note inherits the same…

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KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

Large Line-Item Volumes

Consolidated invoices with hundreds of SKUs - common in retail and distribution - can exceed ZATCA API payload size or timeout limits when submitted as a single call,…

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KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

Currency & FX Edge Cases

Multi-currency invoicing introduces inconsistency risk: if the FX rate source or rounding rule differs between where the invoice is raised and where tax is calculated,…

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KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

Duplicate Submissions

Network retries, ERP resubmissions, or manual re-triggers without idempotency protection risk clearing the same invoice twice - creating duplicate tax liability and…

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KSA - ZATCA PHASE 2

PIH Mismatch & ICV Sequence Gaps

ZATCA Phase 2 requires an unbroken chain: each invoice references the Previous Invoice Hash (PIH) and carries a sequential Invoice Counter Value (ICV). In multi-till,…

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UAE — FTA / Peppol 7

UAE - FTA / PEPPOL

Legacy ERP & System Integration Complexity

Many UAE businesses run on older or heavily customized ERPs with no native Peppol or PINT AE capability - and replacing the core ERP before the mandate isn’t realistic…

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UAE - FTA / PEPPOL

ASP vs. System Integrator (SI) - Who Actually Does What

Most businesses preparing for the FTA mandate assume that appointing an Accredited Service Provider (ASP) is the compliance project. It isn’t. An ASP is the accredited…

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UAE - FTA / PEPPOL

Vendor Portal + GRN Matching Controls

A vendor portal that lets suppliers upload invoices needs to validate those uploads against the corresponding Peppol e-invoice using the GRN as the matching key - without…

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UAE - FTA / PEPPOL

AP Invoice Integration

Most e-invoicing conversations focus on the outbound (AR) side. But receiving incoming Peppol invoices and posting them cleanly into the buyer’s ERP - with proper…

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UAE - FTA / PEPPOL

Single TIN, Multiple Branches

Retail and multi-location businesses often operate many branches or POS locations under one TRN. This raises real design questions: how should the Peppol Participant ID…

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UAE - FTA / PEPPOL

AP Invoice Import Scenarios

Not every incoming supplier e-invoice should be handled the same way. Treating PO-backed, non-PO, and GRN-referenced invoices identically at ingestion causes AP teams to…

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UAE - FTA / PEPPOL (MULTI-VENDOR BUYER / FMCG)

Vendor Onboarding on the Vendor Portal - Single ASP Provided by the Customer

A large buyer - typically an FMCG distributor or retailer with hundreds or thousands of suppliers - wants every supplier invoice reaching its AP process to be e-invoicing…

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Multi-entity groups & architecture 2

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